tailieunhanh - The Basics of Oil Spill Cleanup - Chapter 9

Điều trị dầu với các hóa chất đặc biệt chuẩn bị là một lựa chọn khác để đối phó với sự cố tràn dầu. Một loại hóa chất tràn đại lý xử lý hiện có sẵn để hỗ trợ làm sạch, loại bỏ dầu. Cần lưu ý, tuy nhiên, chấp thuận đó phải được thu được từ các cơ quan có thẩm quyền thích hợp trước khi những tác nhân hóa học có thể được sử dụng. Ngoài ra, các đại lý không phải lúc nào cũng hiệu quả và dầu điều trị có thể được độc hại đối với. | CHAPTER 9 Spill-treating Agents Treating the oil with specially prepared chemicals is another option for dealing with oil spills. An assortment of chemical spill-treating agents is available to assist in cleaning up or removing oil. It should be noted however that approval must be obtained from the appropriate authorities before these chemical agents can be used. In addition these agents are not always effective and the treated oil may be toxic to aquatic and other wildlife. DISPERSANTS Dispersant is a common term used to label chemical spill-treating agents that promote the formation of small droplets of oil that disperse throughout the top layer of the water column. Dispersants contain surfactants chemicals like those in soaps and detergents that have molecules with both a water-soluble and oil-soluble component. Depending on the nature of these components surfactants cause oil to behave in different ways in water. Surfactants or surfactant mixtures used in dispersants have approximately the same solubility in oil and water which stabilizes oil droplets in water so that the oil will disperse into the water column. This can be desirable when an oil slick is threatening a bird colony or a particularly sensitive shoreline. Two major issues associated with the use of dispersants their effectiveness and the toxicity of the resulting oil dispersion in the water column have generated controversy in the last 30 years. Some opposition was based on unsubstantiated and outdated information from trials or actual use of dispersants many years ago. Some products used in the late 1960s and early 1970s were highly toxic and severely damaged the marine environment. Others were not effective and resulted in wasted effort. Both these issues will be discussed in this section. 2000 by CRC Press LLC Photo 82 Dispersant does not mix with or disperse heavy oils. The dispersant in this photo which appears white mixes into the water column without significantly dispersing the Bunker C .