tailieunhanh - IELTS Academic Reading 2

Để đạt thành tích cao trong kì thi sắp tới, các bạn có thể tham khảo IELTS Academic Reading 2 sau đây, nhằm rèn luyện và nâng cao kĩ năng giải đề thi IELTS, nâng cao kiến thức cho bản thân. | Reading Passage 002 You should spend no more than 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. Visual Symbols and the Blind Part 1 From a number of recent studies it has become clear that blind people can appreciate the use of outlines and perspectives to describe the arrangement of objects and other surfaces in space. But pictures are more than literal representations. This fact was drawn to my attention dramatically when a blind woman in one of my investigations decided on her own initiative to draw a wheel as it was spinning. To show this motion she traced a curve inside the circle Fig. 1 . I was taken aback lines of motion such as the one she used are a very recent invention in the history of illustration. Indeed as art scholar David Kunzle notes Wilhelm Busch a trend-setting nineteenth-century cartoonist used virtually no motion lines in his popular figure until about 1877. When I asked several other blind study subjects to draw a spinning wheel one particularly clever rendition appeared repeatedly several subjects showed the wheel s spokes as curves lines. When asked about these curves they all described them as metaphorical ways of suggesting motion. Majority rule would argue that this device somehow indicated motion very well. But was it a better indicator than say broken or wavy lines-or any other kind of line for that matter The answer was not clear. So I decided to test whether various lines of motion were apt ways of showing movement or if they were merely idiosyncratic marks. Moreover I wanted to discover whether there were differences in how the blind and the sighted interpreted lines of motion. To search out these answers I created raised-line drawings of five different wheels depicting spokes with lines that curved bent waved dashed and extended beyond the perimeters of the wheel. I then asked eighteen blind volunteers to feel the wheels and assign one of the following motions to each wheel wobbling spinning fast .