tailieunhanh - Ebook Farm animal behaviour (2/E): Part 2

Part 2 book "Farm animal behaviour" includes content: Domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), goose (Anser anser f. domesticus, anser cygnoides f. domesticus), domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), deer - fallow deer (dama dama) and red deer (cervus elaphus), ratite - ostrich (struthio camelus), rhea or nandu (rhea americana) and emu (dromaius novaehollandiae). | PART II Domesticated Birds 297 7 Domestic Fowl Gallus gallus domesticus Domestication Changes in the Animals their Environment and Management The ancestor of the domestic fowl is the Red Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus Fig. . Modern forms of these jungle fowl are still found today in South-east Asia and the domesticated bird can be regarded as a subspecies G. gallus domesticus . Estimates vary but domestication is thought to have occurred about 8000 years ago first in India and China then spreading along trade routes. Fig. . Jungle hen and cock. Image courtesy of P. Jensen. However recent studies of the chicken genome have found that at least one other wild ancestor the grey jungle fowl Gallus sonneratii was involved in development of the domestic fowl Fig. in addition to the Red Jungle Fowl Eriksson et al. 2008 . Genetic studies have been able to demonstrate that domestication occurred about 8000 years ago Rubin et al. 2010 but still the early history of domestication is a matter of controversy Peters et al. 2016 . This is partly in agreement with the archeological findings that have been reported. 298 Fig. . Domestic hens with a cock. Image courtesy of photo archive HMH Department. Some scientists proposed that the domestication of chickens took place in the Indus valley around 2500 2100 bc. However others claimed that the domestication of chickens might have taken place as early as 6000 bc. On the other hand others suggested that chickens were neither widely kept nor distributed in central and northern China during the early and middle Holocene period. Again others suggested that domestication might have taken place in South-east Asia and birds were taken to China by humans. Thailand and its neighbouring regions were the cradle of domestic chickens. Some claim that there is evidence implicating multiple maternal origins of chicken centred around South and South-east Asia. Chickens were taken from South-east Asia by humans and became well established