tailieunhanh - IELTS Academic Reading Sample 97 - The Triune Brain

Để đạt thành tích cao trong kì thi sắp tới, các bạn có thể tham khảo IELTS Academic Reading Sample 97 - The Triune Brain sau đây, nhằm rèn luyện và nâng cao kĩ năng giải đề thi IELTS, nâng cao kiến thức cho bản thân. | You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14 26 which are based on Reading Passage 97 below. The Triune1 Brain The first of our three brains to evolve is what scientists call the reptilian cortex. This brain sustains the elementary activities of animal survival such as respiration adequate rest and a beating heart. We are not required to consciously think about these activities. The reptilian cortex also houses the startle centre a mechanism that facilitates swift reactions to unexpected occurrences in our surroundings. That panicked lurch you experience when a door slams shut somewhere in the house or the heightened awareness you feel when a twig cracks in a nearby bush while out on an evening stroll are both examples of the reptilian cortex at work. When it comes to our interaction with others the reptilian brain offers up only the most basic impulses aggression mating and territorial defence. There is no great difference in this sense between a crocodile defending its spot along the river and a turf war between two urban gangs. Although the lizard may stake a claim to its habitat it exerts total indifference toward the well-being of its young. Listen to the anguished squeal of a dolphin separated from its pod or witness the sight of elephants mourning their dead however and it is clear that a new development is at play. Scientists have identified this as the limbic cortex. Unique to mammals the limbic cortex impels creatures to nurture their offspring by delivering feelings of tenderness and warmth to the parent when children are nearby. These same sensations also cause mammals to develop various types of social relations and kinship networks. When we are with others of our kind be it at soccer practice church school or a nightclub 4 we experience positive sensations of togetherness solidarity and comfort. If we spend too long away from these networks then loneliness sets in and encourages us to seek companionship. ZIM ACADEMY Room 2501 Ocean Group .