tailieunhanh - Law, Property Rights, and Air Pollution

Despite the flurry of media and political attention to air quality-induced illnesses and deaths, the question still remains as to what will be the future air quality in Ontario and what are the health consequences. Are more aggressive measures required to reduce the risk of poor air quality for human health? What benefits would be realized now and in the future from improved air quality? These are examples of pertinent environmental policy questions for which sound answers are needed. This need has been recognized for many years by the OMA. This report and the accompanying ICAP model are designed to assist in. | Law Property Rights and Air Pollution By Murray N. Rothbard Originally published in the Cato Journal 2 No. 1 Spring 1982 pp. 55-99. Reprinted in The Logic of Action Two Cheltenham UK Edward Elgar. 1997 pp. 121-170. Reprinted by the Ludwig von Mises Institute 2002. Pagination is retained from The Logic of Action Two pp. 121170. 1997 ISBN 1 85898570 6 6 Law Property Rights and Air Pollution Law as a Normative Discipline Law is a set of commands the principles of tort cr criminal law which we shall be dealing with are negative commands or prohibitions on the order of thou shalt not do actions X Y or In short certain actions are considered wrong to such a degree that it is considered appropriate to use the sanctions of violence since law is the social embodiment of violence to combat defend against and punish the transgressors. There are many actions against which it is not considered appropriate to use violence individual or organized. Mere lying that is where contracts to transfer property titles are not broken treachery base ingratitude being nasty to one s friends or associates or not showing up for appointments are generally considered wrong but few think of using violence to enjoin or combat them. Other sanctions-such as refusing to see the person or have dealings with him putting him in Coventry and so on may be used by individuals or groups but using the violence of the law to prohibit such actions is considered excessive and inappropriate. Reprinted from Cato Journal 2 no. 1 Spring 1982 55-99. 1 Legal principles setting down certain prohibited actions as torts or crimes are to be distinguished from statutes or administrative edicts that lay down positive demands such as thou shalt pay X amount of taxes or thou shalt report for induction on such and such a date. In a sense of course all commands can be phrased in such a way as to appear negative such as thou shalt not refuse to pay X amount of taxes or thou shalt not disobey the order to appear for .