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Các biến thể của tiếng anh part 4

The difference may be viewed in terms of the number of domains in which English is used: in the ‘inner circle’ English is used in all domains, in the ‘outer circle’ it is frequently used in education (particularly in advanced education) and administration, in the ‘expanding circle’ it is used mostly in trade and international interaction. There are, however, some problems with the view presented in Figure 2.5 as well. It is not clear how much is intended to be included under ‘UK’, or where the English of Ireland is supposed to fit into the general picture. South Africa, with. | 02 pages 001-136 6 8 02 1 26 pm Pag h 22 22 INTERNATIONAL VARIETIES OF ENGLISH Image Not Available Figure 2.4 McArthur s model of Englishes The difference may be viewed in terms of the number of domains in which English is used in the inner circle English is used in all domains in the outer circle it is frequently used in education particularly in advanced education and administration in the expanding circle it is used mostly in trade and international interaction. There are however some problems with the view presented in Figure 2.5 as well. It is not clear how much is intended to be included under UK or where the English of Ireland is supposed to fit into the general picture. South Africa with over three million first-language speakers of English is notably missing from the figure. The reasons for the distinction between the three circles are worth considering. The expanding circle contains countries where English is used as a foreign language but the native foreign language distinction will not help us draw the line between the inner and outer circles these days there are many people in countries like India and Singapore whose 02 pages 001-136 6 8 02 1 26 pm Pag h 23 ENGLISH BECOMES A WORLD LANGUAGE 23 Image Not Available Figure 2.5 Kachru s concentric circles of English only language is English - and it is for this reason that Lass mothertongue ETEs for the inner circle varieties does not seem like a good label. Rather the distinction is in the way in which the English language came to be important in the relevant countries. First we must see England if not the whole UK as different from other places on the chart English developed naturally there as the language of the people. While it has been strongly affected by various invasions English is endemic in England. Everywhere else English has been introduced. In the inner circle countries except the UK a large group of English-speaking people arrived bringing their language with them and they became a dominant .