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Ebook Critical care nursing made incredibly easy (3rd edition): Part 2

(BQ) Covering all aspects of critical care and updated to reflect current evidence-based nursing practice, this new edition offers coverage of moderate sedation and perianesthesia management, updated ACLS and code management, information on rapid response teams, and a new “Handle with care” icon to identify concerns and actions relating to elderly, pediatric and bariatric patients. | CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Place the patient in an upright position to relieve dyspnea and chest pain. Auscultate lung sounds at least every 2 hours. Administer supplemental oxygen as needed based on oxygen saturation or mixed venous oxygen saturation levels. Administer analgesics to relieve pain and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs NSAIDs as ordered to reduce inflammation. Administer steroids if the patient fails to respond to NSAIDs. If your patient has a PA catheter monitor hemodynamic status. Assess the patient s cardiovascular status frequently watching for signs of cardiac tamponade. Administer antibiotics on time to maintain consistent drug levels in the blood. Institute continuous cardiac monitoring to evaluate for changes in ECG. Look for the return of ST segments to baseline with T-wave flattening by the end of the first 7 days. Keep a pericardiocentesis set available if pericardial effusion is suspected and prepare the patient for pericardiocentesis as indicated. Provide appropriate postoperative care similar to that given after cardiothoracic surgery. Look for a return of ST segments to baseline levels with T-waves flattening by the end of the week Joy. Thanks and now on to other news. Valvular heart disease In valvular heart disease three types of mechanical disruption can occur stenosis or narrowing of the valve opening . . . . . incomplete closure of the valve prolapse of the valve. What causes it Valvular heart disease in children and adolescents most commonly results from congenital heart defects. In adults rheumatic heart disease is a common cause. Other causes are grouped according to the type of valvular heart disease and include the following Mitral insufficiency Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Papillary muscle dysfunction Left ventricle dilation from left ventricle failure Valvular heart diseases are categorized according to the specific valves mitral aortic or pulmonic and type of disorder stenosis or insufficiency the patient has. CARDIOVASULAR .