tailieunhanh - Ebook Understanding the essentials of critical care nursing (3/E): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book “Understanding the essentials of critical care nursing” has contents: Care of the patient with a cerebral or cerebrovascular disorder, care of the patient with an acute gastrointestinal bleed or pancreatitis, care of the patient with acute kidney injury, and other contents. | Chapter 11 Care of the Patient with a Cerebral or Cerebrovascular Disorder Susan Barnard, MS, APRN, CCRN Abbreviations ADLS Activities of Daily Living NIH ASA American Stroke Association NINDS National Institute for Disorders and Stroke BAC Brain Attack Coalition PSC Primary Stroke Center HPA Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical TPP Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura National Institutes of Health Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this chapter, the learner will be able to: 1. List the common manifestations of brain tumors and explain their causation. 2. Compare and contrast the care of patients with supratentorial, posterior fossa, and pituitary tumors. 4. Describe emergent management of the patient with an ischemic stroke. 5. Compare and contrast care of patients following intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage. 6. Prioritize nursing care of the stroke patient. 3. Explain the mechanisms and manifestations of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes. Cerebral Disorders Nursing care of the patient with cerebral and cerebrovascular disorders requires nurses to understand the anatomy and physiology of the brain and have excellent neurological assessment skills. Initial symptoms of dysfunction can be subtle, so patients may not recognize the earliest signs of brain tumors or stroke and may wait to present for treatment until more dramatic symptoms have developed. 274 Nurses need to educate patients about the risk factors and clinical manifestations of these disorders to promote prevention and prompt treatment as improved outcomes, especially for stroke, are dependent on immediate interventions. Anatomy and Physiology Review In order to understand cerebral and cerebrovascular disorders, it is important to have an understanding of the Care of the Patient with a Cerebral or Cerebrovascular Disorder  275 Frontal lobe Parietal .