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Bài giảng Chapter 9: The cost of capital

Bài giảng Chapter 9: The cost of capital provides about Cost of Capital Components (Debt, Preferred, Common Equity) and WACC. | CHAPTER 9 The Cost of Capital Cost of Capital Components Debt Preferred Common Equity WACC What types of long-term capital do firms use? Long-term debt Preferred stock Common equity Capital components are sources of funding that come from investors. Accounts payable, accruals, and deferred taxes are not sources of funding that come from investors, so they are not included in the calculation of the cost of capital. We do adjust for these items when calculating the cash flows of a project, but not when calculating the cost of capital. Should we focus on before-tax or after-tax capital costs? Tax effects associated with financing can be incorporated either in capital budgeting cash flows or in cost of capital. Most firms incorporate tax effects in the cost of capital. Therefore, focus on after-tax costs. Only cost of debt is affected. Should we focus on historical (embedded) costs or new (marginal) costs? The cost of capital is used primarily to make decisions which involve raising and investing new capital. So, we should focus on marginal costs. Cost of Debt Method 1: Ask an investment banker what the coupon rate would be on new debt. Method 2: Find the bond rating for the company and use the yield on other bonds with a similar rating. Method 3: Find the yield on the company’s debt, if it has any. A 15-year, 12% semiannual bond sells for $1,153.72. What’s rd? 60 60 + 1,000 60 0 1 2 30 i = ? 30 -1153.72 60 1000 5.0% x 2 = rd = 10% N I/YR PV FV PMT -1,153.72 . INPUTS OUTPUT Component Cost of Debt Interest is tax deductible, so the after tax (AT) cost of debt is: rd AT = rd BT(1 - T) = 10%(1 - 0.40) = 6%. Use nominal rate. Flotation costs small, so ignore. What’s the cost of preferred stock? PP = $113.10; 10%Q; Par = $100; F = $2. Use this formula: Picture of Preferred 2.50 2.50 0 1 2 rps = ? -111.1 . 2.50 Note: Flotation costs for preferred are significant, so are reflected. Use net price. Preferred dividends are not deductible, so no tax adjustment. Just rps. | CHAPTER 9 The Cost of Capital Cost of Capital Components Debt Preferred Common Equity WACC What types of long-term capital do firms use? Long-term debt Preferred stock Common equity Capital components are sources of funding that come from investors. Accounts payable, accruals, and deferred taxes are not sources of funding that come from investors, so they are not included in the calculation of the cost of capital. We do adjust for these items when calculating the cash flows of a project, but not when calculating the cost of capital. Should we focus on before-tax or after-tax capital costs? Tax effects associated with financing can be incorporated either in capital budgeting cash flows or in cost of capital. Most firms incorporate tax effects in the cost of capital. Therefore, focus on after-tax costs. Only cost of debt is affected. Should we focus on historical (embedded) costs or new (marginal) costs? The cost of capital is used primarily to make decisions which involve raising and