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Báo cáo khoa học: "Syntactic Annotations for the Google Books Ngram Corpus"

We present a new edition of the Google Books Ngram Corpus, which describes how often words and phrases were used over a period of five centuries, in eight languages; it reflects 6% of all books ever published. This new edition introduces syntactic annotations: words are tagged with their part-of-speech, and headmodifier relationships are recorded. The annotations are produced automatically with statistical models that are specifically adapted to historical text. | Syntactic Annotations for the Google Books Ngram Corpus Yuri Lin Jean-Baptiste Michel Erez Lieberman Aiden Jon Orwant Will Brockman and Slav Petrov Google Inc. yurilin jbmichel drerez orwant brockman slav @google.com Abstract We present a new edition of the Google Books Ngram Corpus which describes how often words and phrases were used over a period of five centuries in eight languages it reflects 6 of all books ever published. This new edition introduces syntactic annotations words are tagged with their part-of-speech and headmodifier relationships are recorded. The annotations are produced automatically with statistical models that are specifically adapted to historical text. The corpus will facilitate the study of linguistic trends especially those related to the evolution of syntax. 1 Introduction The Google Books Ngram Corpus Michel et al. 2011 has enabled the quantitative analysis of linguistic and cultural trends as reflected in millions of books written over the past five centuries. The corpus consists of words and phrases i.e. ngrams and their usage frequency over time. The data is available for download and can also be viewed through the interactive Google Books Ngram Viewer at http books.google.com ngrams. The sheer quantity of and broad historical scope of the data has enabled a wide range of analyses Michel et al. 2011 Ravallion 2011 . Of course examining raw ngram frequencies is of limited utility when studying many aspects of linguistic change particularly the ones related to syntax. For instance most English verbs are regular their past tense is formed by adding -ed and the few exceptions known as irregular verbs tend to regularize over the Corresponding author. Figure 1 Usage frequencies of burned and burnt over time showing that burned became the dominant spelling around 1880. Our new syntactic annotations enable a more refined analysis suggesting that the crossing-point for the verb usage burned-VERB vs. burntVERB was decades earlier. centuries .