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Báo cáo khoa học: "Some Problems in the Mechanical Translation of German"

RELATIVE CLAUSES The problems discussed are those of syntactical ambiguity and multimeaning in translating relative pronouns from German to English. The former, which is of concern for the English word order, arises from the coexistence in German of homomorphous inflections and variable word order, the latter from this combined with gender dissimilarities in the two languages. | Mechanical Translation vol.5 no.2 November 1958 pp. 60-66 Some Problems in the Mechanical Translation of German Leonard Brandwood Birkbeck College London England I. RELATIVE CLAUSES The problems discussed are those of syntactical ambiguity and multimeaning in translating relative pronouns from German to English. The former which is of concern for the English word order arises from the coexistence in German of homomorphous inflections and variable word order the latter from this combined with gender dissimilarities in the two languages. Some statistics are given of the frequency with which such ambiguities were encountered in scientific texts and some possible solutions or partial solutions discussed. OUR CONCERN will be primarily with the problems of word order and multimeaning and with these not in all their aspects which would be too vast a subject for a short article but only in connection with one particular part of sentence structure the relative clause. Besides relative adverbs such as worin. darin etc. which cause no difficulty German uses three words to introduce relative clauses der welcher and was. Certain grammatical forms of these are common to two cases with the result that the syntactical function of such forms is ambiguous the types of ambiguity being three in number. 1. The masculine singular nominative of der and welcher is identical to the feminine singular dative. 2. The masculine singular accusative of wel-cher is identical to the dative plural. 3. The nominative form is identical to the accusative in the feminine singular of der and welcher in the neuter singular of der welcher and was and in the plural all genders of der and welcher. The first two types are rare in comparison with the third the first especially so because it can arise only when the relative pronoun is not preceded by a preposition. If it is preceded by a preposition it is thereby denoted as the feminine dative since no preposition is constructed with the nominative case. On .