tailieunhanh - Báo cáo khoa học: "Problems of Equivalence in Some German and English Constructions"

The time has come when well-organized and thoroughly worked out transfer grammars should be developed. Such a grammar should be composed of formal statements equating the construction-types of the input language with those of the output language and indicating the appropriate transformations which must be made to produce the target language constructions. | Mechanical Translation July 1962 Problems of Equivalence in Some German and English Constructions by John S. Bross Massachusetts Institute of Technology The time has come when well-organized and thoroughly worked out transfer grammars should be developed. Such a grammar should be composed of formal statements equating the construction-types of the input language with those of the output language and indicating the appropriate transformations which must be made to produce the target language constructions. In connection with the problem of structural transfer a study was made of the behavior of some English verbs and their German equivalents in a fixed number of constructions. The verbs were grouped in syntactic classes on the basis of their respective distributions. The conditions were stated under which it is possible to use the same combination of constituents in a construction when translating from German to English and vice versa. This work should be regarded as a preliminary study of that information about syntactic restrictions on verbs which should be encoded in an automatic dictionary as an aid in solving problems of structural transfer. The problem of translation may be divided into three stages as suggested by Yngve1 analysis recognition structural transfer and synthesis construction . In the first stage the syntactic structure of a sentence in the input language is analyzed and noted in terms of structural specifiers in the second stage the input language specifiers are mapped onto output language specifiers in the third stage these output language specifiers are used to construct the equivalent sentence in the output language. To date considerable work has been published on the analysis of languages both from the viewpoint of descriptive linguistics and from the viewpoint of linguistics applied to problems of mechanical translation. Also an ever increasing amount of attention is being devoted to sentence generation and in particular to the .