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Báo cáo y học: " Phylogenetic analysis consistent with a clinical history of sexual transmission of HIV-1 from a single donor reveals transmission of highly distinct variants"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Respiratory Research cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Phylogenetic analysis consistent with a clinical history of sexual transmission of HIV-1 from a single donor reveals transmission of highly distinct variants. | English et al. Retrovirology 2011 8 54 http www.retrovirology.eom content 8 1 54 RETR0VIR0L0GY RESEARCH Open Access Phylogenetic analysis consistent with a clinical history of sexual transmission of HIV-1 from a single donor reveals transmission of highly distinct variants 1 2 3 113 3 Suzanne English Aris Katzourakis David Bonsall Peter Flanagan Anna Duda Sarah Fidler Jonathan Weber Myra McClure3 SPARTAC Trial Investigators 1 Rodney Phillips1 4 53 and John Frater1 4 5 3 Abstract Background To combat the pandemic of human immunodeficiency virus 1 HIV-1 a successful vaccine will need to cope with the variability of transmissible viruses. Human hosts infected with HIV-1 potentially harbour many viral variants but very little is known about viruses that are likely to be transmitted or even if there are viral characteristics that predict enhanced transmission in vivo. We show for the first time that genetic divergence consistent with a single transmission event in vivo can represent several years of pre-transmission evolution. Results We describe a highly unusual case consistent with a single donor transmitting highly related but distinct HIV-1 variants to two individuals on the same evening. We confirm that the clustering of viral genetic sequences present within each recipient is consistent with the history of a single donor across the viral env gag and pol genes by maximum likelihood and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo based phylogenetic analyses. Based on an uncorrelated lognormal relaxed clock of env gene evolution calibrated with other datasets the time since the most recent common ancestor is estimated as 2.86 years prior to transmission 95 confidence interval 1.28 to 4.54 years . Conclusion Our results show that an effective design for a preventative vaccine will need to anticipate extensive HIV-1 diversity within an individual donor as well as diversity at the population level. Background A successful HIV-1 vaccine would be designed based upon the .