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Modern Grammars of Case anderson phần 9

Tham khảo tài liệu 'modern grammars of case anderson phần 9', ngoại ngữ, ngữ pháp tiếng anh phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | 344 Modern Grammars of Case there being tangling of dependency arcs. That is with raising-to object both linearity requirements are met in the position dictated by Johns simplex modifier relation to read. In many word-order types such a compatible position cannot be provided it depends on the shared argument in question being able to occur between and adjacent barring circumstantials to the two verb forms here expected and to read . This accounts at least in part for the restricted distribution of raising-to-object . Horn 1985 observes that this condition of juxtaposition of the shared element to both heads cannot be met in VSO structures for instance which of course is not to say that raising-to-object cannot occur in languages where the unmarked order is VSO . The capacity to avoid tangling avoids the need for reference to the ectopicity condition and thus for interpretation of raisees as simplex modifiers in 16b John behaves as any other dependent in this case of expected. Status of raisees as a simplex modifier is contingent on ectopicity. The restriction of unalloyed speciWer status for free absolutives to those dependent on P raises interesting questions questions that however lead us away from our ongoing story. I therefore mention only one. The free absolu-tive is derived specifier to a functional category P . Both heads in 8b c are also functional respectively functor and comparator. On the other hand it is not obvious what might be the identity of the speciWers to be associated with the lexical categories nouns and verbs a continuing point of disagreement . Of the lexical categories only adjective commonly has a speciWer attributed to it illustrated by 8a . Could it be that the positive of gradient adjectives as well as the comparative involves a comparator in the former case absorbed rather than independent more as in 8c This comparator like the overt one in 8c is absent with non-gradient adjectives. In that case we could associate specification uniquely