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Global Economic Prospects - Uncertainties and vulnerabilities

This system, designed in cooperation with the banking industry, is based on chipcard technology and corresponds to the electronic cash system above. The only difference is the possibility of offline authorisation. An authorisation up to a certain limit laid down individually by the issuing bank is stored on the bank card’s chip. This amount decreases with each payment and, as long as the remaining amount is sufficient, transactions are authorised offline. In order to pay, the customers must enter their PIN, which is validated on the chip. Online authorisation will only take place if the amount remaining on the chip. | Global Economic Prospects Volume 4 January 2012 THE WORLD BANK 2012 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone 202-473-1000 Internet www.worldbank.org E-mail feedback@worldbank.org All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 13 12 11 10 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The World Bank. The findings interpretations and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries colors denominations and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers MA 01923 USA telephone 978-750-8400 fax 978-750-4470 Internet www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses including subsidiary rights should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher The World Bank 1818 H Street nW Washington DC 20433 USA. fax 202-522-2422 e-mail pubrights@worldbank.org. Global Economic Prospects Uncertainties and vulnerabilities January 2012