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Energy Options for the Future phần 2

hạt nhân, gió, mặt trời, địa nhiệt, và các nguồn năng lượng sinh khối và hiệu quả của các biện pháp để bảo tồn năng lượng. Tuổi thọ của các nguồn năng lượng chính hiện tại, phương tiện để giải quyết hoặc giảm nhẹ vấn đề môi trường, và vai trò để được chơi bởi chưa được triển khai nguồn, giống như phản ứng tổng hợp, là những chủ đề chính của bài trình bày và thảo luận | Energy Options for the Future 73 Fig. 6. In the nuclear area there are a number of programs to enhance the performance of existing plants and to develop improved fuel cycles and advanced reactors see talks by McCarthy section Nuclear Energy and Christian section Nuclear Industry Perspective. In the fusion energy area the U.S. has rejoined the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor activity see Dean talk section Paths to Fusion Power. Sequestration of CO2 There is a large potential for the sequestration of CO2 in a variety of storage options gas and oil reservoirs coal seams saline aquifers the deep ocean and through conversion to minerals and by bioconversion see Figure 5. CCTP Process The CCTP process is involved in Federal R D portfolio review and budget input. It has a strategic plan and a working group structure in the areas of Energy production Energy efficiency Sequestration Other gases Monitoring and measurement and Supporting basic research. It has issued a competitive solicitation RFI seeking new ideas. The keys to meeting the President s goals are leadership in climate science leadership in climate-related technology better understanding of the potential risks of climate change and costs of action Robust set of viable technology options that address energy supply and efficiency productivity integrated understanding of both science and technology to chart future courses and actions global approach. all nations must participate. A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF COAL NATURAL GAS RITA BAJURA NETL Coal Reserves and Use The world s recoverable reserves of coal are 1083 billion tons a 210 year supply at the current annual consumption. The United States has the largest amount of these reserves 25 . Russia has 16 China 12 and India and Australia about 9 . Increasingly coal is used for electricity production 92 of 1.1 billion tons in the U.S. in 2002 and a projected 94 of 1.6 billion tons in 2025. 74 Sheffield et al. The bulk of the coal-fired electrical capacity