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Leadership Processes and Follower Self-Identity phần 8

Nói chung, kết quả tích cực cho các tổ chức tuyến tính liên quan đến mức độ chồng chéo lên nhau mà tồn tại giữa các cá nhân và tổ chức. Mặc dù có vẻ như tiếp tuyến, nghiên cứu này là có liên quan đến bối cảnh hiện nay trong phạm vi văn học P-O phù hợp với phần lớn là | 7. LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE 169 To specify dynamic processes in Fig. 7.1 we adopted the standard conventions from control theory to show how self-regulatory systems function. In this figure time and information flow from left to right and the triangles depict comparators that compare sensed feedback from relevant environments to standards from higher level systems. Sensed feedback is always an input on the lower left side of the comparator triangles and standards are shown on the upper left side of each comparator. Output from the comparators is shown on the right of each triangle as a standard for a lower level system or for determining perceptions affect or behavioral reactions. Each comparator along with input and output connections thus provides a negative feedback loop that senses discrepancies of perceived inputs from standards and responds in a cognitive affective and or behavioral sense. Discrepancies are a key motivational construct in motivational and cognitive self-regulatory theories Carver Scheier 1998 Lord Levy 1994 . Each justice evaluation feedback loop in Fig. 7.1 begins with a standard derived from the WSC. Justice events are then compared against this standard to assess their consistency with the standards. When justice events meet or exceed standards we perceive justice and react positively but when standards are higher than actual events we perceive injustice and react negatively. Thus justice events are also affective events and the AET model discussed in chapter 6 is also relevant. These positive or negative reactions then have consequences for organizations in terms of the attitudes and behavioral outcomes noted at the beginning of this chapter. An additional consequence is that these reactions also feed back to self-views see Fig. 7.2 to impact perceived self-worth and ultimately have a delayed second-order effect on justice evaluations and affective reactions. This process reflects a dynamic contextually sensitive approach to