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.Neuroscience of Rule-Guided Behavior Phần 9

Cụ thể hơn, chúng tôi suy luận rằng trình bày của một thăm dò, ngay cả trong một mục kiểm tra trí nhớ ngắn hạn, yêu cầu chuyển nhượng thăm dò. | 376 Building Blocks of Rule Representation Figure 16-3 A. Task schematic diagram of conditions in the short-term item recognition experiment. Proactive interference is elicited by arranging an overlap of a target in trial N with a member of the memory set in trial N-1. B. Overlap map of negative recent negative nonrecent contrast and episodic context selection Dobbins and Wagner 2005 . Arrows indicate the point of overlap in mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex mid-VLPFC . C. Greater mid-VLPFC activation was evident for negative and positive recent trials relative to nonrecent trials. Adapted from Badre and Wagner Cerebral Cortex 15 2003-2012. Copyright Oxford University Press 2005. a particular temporal context thereby increasing selection demands and so requiring greater activation in left mid-VLPFC Badre and Wagner 2005 . More specifically we reasoned that the presentation of a probe even in a short-term item memory test requires assignment of the probe to a particular temporal context such as the current trial as opposed to the previous trial. When encountering a probe that appeared in the previous trial the participant retrieves irrelevant contextual information associated with that probe in the previous trial. To correctly assign the probe to the appropriate temporal context the participant must select against this information and so this selection demand elicits greater activation in left VLPFC. One distinguishing implication of this hypothesis is the prediction that it makes for positive recent trials. Positive trials although present in the cur VLPFC and Controlling Memory to Inform Action 377 rent trial s memory set may also overlap with the previous trial s memory set. Whereas this arrangement ensures that familiarity with the probe is convergent with the correct response any associations with the previous trial are still irrelevant and so should increase selection demands. Such an effect would produce increased activation in left VLPFC to positive recent