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Báo cáo y học: "Arrestins: ubiquitous regulators of cellular signaling pathways"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Minireview cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Arrestins: ubiquitous regulators of cellular signaling pathways. | Protein family review Arrestins ubiquitous regulators of cellular signaling pathways Eugenia V Gurevich and Vsevolod V Gurevich Address Department of Pharmacology Vanderbilt University 2200 Pierce Avenue Preston Research Building Nashville TN 37232 USA. Correspondence Vsevolod Gurevich. Email vsevolod.gurevich@vanderbilt.edu Published 2 October 2006 Genome Biology 2006 7 236 doi l0.ll86 gb-2006-7-9-236 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http genomebiology.com 2006 7 9 236 2006 BioMed Central Ltd Summary In vertebrates the arrestins are a family of four proteins that regulate the signaling and trafficking of hundreds of different G-protein-coupled receptors GPCRs . Arrestin homologs are also found in insects protochordates and nematodes. Fungi and protists have related proteins but do not have true arrestins. Structural information is available only for free unbound vertebrate arrestins and shows that the conserved overall fold is elongated and composed of two domains with the core of each domain consisting of a seven-stranded p-sandwich. Two main intramolecular interactions keep the two domains in the correct relative orientation but both of these interactions are destabilized in the process of receptor binding suggesting that the conformation of bound arrestin is quite different. As well as binding to hundreds of GPCR subtypes arrestins interact with other classes of membrane receptors and more than 20 surprisingly diverse types of soluble signaling protein. Arrestins thus serve as ubiquitous signaling regulators in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Gene organization and evolutionary history The arrestin family has four members in mammals arrestint called visual or rod arrestin in some species and previously called S-antigen or 48 kDa protein arrestin2 also known as p-arrestin or p-arrestin1 arrestin3 p-arrestin2 and arrestin4 cone arrestin or X-arrestin . Structurally and functionally the family can be subdivided into .