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The tumour-associated glycoprotein podoplanin is expressed in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of the hyperplastic synovial lining layer in rheumatoid arthritis Ekwall et al. Ekwall et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2011, 13:R40 (7 March 2011) Ekwall et al. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2011, 13:R40 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The tumour-associated glycoprotein podoplanin is expressed in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of the hyperplastic synovial lining layer in rheumatoid arthritis Anna-Karin H Ekwall1*, Thomas Eisler2, Christian Anderberg3, Chunsheng Jin4, Niclas Karlsson4, Mikael Brisslert1, Maria I Bokarewa1 Abstract Introduction: Activated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) share many characteristics with tumour cells and are key mediators of synovial tissue transformation and joint destruction | The tumour-associated glycoprotein podoplanin is expressed in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of the hyperplastic synovial lining layer in rheumatoid arthritis Ekwall et al. Ekwall et al. Arthritis Research Therapy 2011 13 R40 http content 13 2 R40 7 March 2011 BioMed Central Ekwall et al. Arthritis Research Therapy 2011 13 R40 http content 13 2 R40 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The tumour-associated glycoprotein podoplanin is expressed in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of the hyperplastic synovial lining layer in rheumatoid arthritis A nm I_I c l r A -S 11 11 k n r c I r I nr2 n r 1 r t 1 -s A n r r Pk CWT 3 I I r S-. z-i I i V- 4 M 1 - I r IX rlr-r r h 11 I D r i r r I - r 1 Anna-Karin H EKwall inomas Eisler Christian Anderberg Cnunsneng Jin iNicidS Karlsson MiKaei Brisslert Maria I BoKarewa1 Abstract Introduction Activated fibroblast-liKe synoviocytes FLSs in rheumatoid arthritis RA share many characteristics with tumour cells and are Key mediators of synovial tissue transformation and joint destruction. The glycoprotein podoplanin is upregulated in the invasive front of several human cancers and has been associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition increased cell migration and tissue invasion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether podoplanin is expressed in areas of synovial transformation in RA and especially in promigratory RA-FLS. Methods Podoplanin expression in human synovial tissue from 18 RA patients and nine osteoarthritis OA patients was assessed by immunohistochemistry and confirmed by Western blot analysis. The expression was related to marKers of synoviocytes and myofibroblasts detected by using confocal immunofluoresence microscopy. Expression of podoplanin with or without the addition of proinflammatory cytoKines and growth factors in primary human FLS was evaluated by using flow cytometry. Results Podoplanin was highly expressed in cadherin-11-positive cells throughout the synovial .