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Báo cáo y học: " A small RNA makes a Bic difference"

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Critical Care giúp cho các bạn có thêm kiến thức về ngành y học đề tài: A small RNA makes a Bic difference. | Minireview A small RNA makes a Bic difference Howell F Moffett and Carl D Novina Addresses Cancer Immunology and AIDS Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA 02141 USA. Correspondence Carl D Novina. Email carl_novina@dfci.harvard.edu Published 31 July 2007 Genome Biology 2007 8 221 doi 10.1186 gb-2007-8-7-221 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at http genomebiology.com 2007 8 7 221 2007 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract The first highly specific knockouts of a microRNA miR155 in mice result in multiple defects in adaptive immunity and also show the feasibility of investigating at least some microRNAs by gene knockout. MicroRNAs miRNAs are endogenous small noncoding RNAs that are critical for setting the precise tempo of gene expression for numerous cellular processes in virtually every eukaryotic organism. A common theme in miRNA function across multicellular organisms is that they affect developmental transitions and cell-specific functions. There are more than 500 miRNAs in humans and 450 miRs in mice 1 . Computational methods predict that miRNAs could post-transcriptionally regulate more than one third of all protein-coding genes 2 3 implying that they regulate enormous genetic regulatory circuits. The importance of miRNA-mediated regulation of gene networks is highlighted in mice lacking the enzyme Dicer. Knocking out this enzyme which is essential for the production of mature functional 21-23-nucleotide miRNAs from long precursor transcripts proves lethal in the embryo 4 . The Dicer knockout underscores the importance of miRNAs in development but it does not help illuminate the regulatory circuits affected by individual miRNAs. The highly specific gene knockouts of an immunologically important miRNA reported recently by Rodriguez et al. 5 and Thai et al. 6 who have independently produced knockout mice for miRi55