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Particle Toxicology - Chapter 15

Mối liên hệ giữa việc tiếp xúc với vấn đề hạt (PM) 10 mm đường kính khí động học (PM10) và một số ảnh hưởng sức khỏe cấp tính và mãn tính trên toàn thế giới công nghiệp đã được thành lập trong các nghiên cứu dịch tễ học (ví dụ: [1-3]). Hiệu ứng cấp tính bao gồm tỷ lệ tử vong, nhập viện, triệu chứng hô hấp tăng, giảm chức năng phổi, huyết tương tăng độ nhớt, thay đổi nhịp tim và biến thiên nhịp tim (HRV), và viêm phổi [4]. mãn tính ảnh hưởng liên quan đến phơi nhiễm hạt bao gồm tỷ. | 15 Susceptibility to Particle Effects Steven R. Kleeberger and Reuben Howden National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Institutes of Health CONTENTS 15.1 Introduction.275 15.2 Susceptibility Factors.276 15.2.1 Genetic Background.276 15.2.2 Nongenetic Factors.279 15.3 Conclusions.282 References.282 15.1 INTRODUCTION Linkage between exposure to particulate matter PM 10 mm in aerodynamic diameter PM10 and a number of acute and chronic health effects throughout the industrialized world has been well established in epidemiological studies e.g. 1-3 . Acute effects include mortality hospitalization increased respiratory symptoms decreased lung function increased plasma viscosity changes in heart rate and heart rate variability HRV and pulmonary inflammation 4 . Chronic effects associated with particulate exposures include increased mortality rates e.g. cancer chronic cardiopulmonary disease and decreased lung function 4 . Understanding the mechanisms through which particulate exposures cause morbidity and mortality continues to be a critical public health concern. It is also clear that susceptibility to particle effects is not the same from one individual to the next i.e. interindividual differences in response to particulate exposures exist. The factors that determine interindividual susceptibility are almost certainly complex and may include intrinsic host and extrinsic environmental factors Figure 15.1 . While considerable interest in genetic background as a host factor for susceptibility to pollutants has been generated 5-8 other host factors should also be considered 9 . These may include gender age pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response parameters including particle deposition and clearance 10 pre-existing disease and nutrition. Furthermore these factors may and probably do interact to determine individual responsiveness. Numerous examples of gene X gene gene X environment and gene X gene X environment interaction in the pathogenesis of lung