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The Psychology of Money and Public Finance by Günter Schmölders (Dec 12, 2006)_4

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the psychology of money and public finance by günter schmölders (dec 12, 2006)_4', tài chính - ngân hàng, tài chính doanh nghiệp phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | or felt they could keep a secret. traditional virtues like moral strictness and austerity self-discipline the ready acceptance of social responsibility firm principles emotional balance and energetic conduct were claimed by a fifth to a sixth. With approximately the same frequency of 15-20 per cent people confessed on the other hand to be just a bit on the extravagant easy-going inconsistent talkative irascible indecisive ruthless vindictive or penny-pinching side.45 It soon became apparent that certain clusters of traits recurred rather frequently across individuals as could actually be expected since these qualities reflect a basic psychological make-up that manifests itself with considerable internal consistency. We therefore combined repeatedly coinciding traits into personality syndromes in order to be able to test the emerging psychological types for differences in their attitudes towards money as well as their spending and saving habits. Technically this was done by registering for any one individual four to five traits of one type and allowing only one or two mentions of qualities of its antipode type. So for example respondents who named four or more qualities of the left column below but only one or two of the right column were categorized as punctilious which was possible in 10 per cent of all cases whereas naming three or more of the right and one or two of the left column would put that person on to the category easy-going 9 per cent Punctilious Easy-going Resentful Extravagant Meticulous Inconstant Avaricious Untidy Thorough Light-minded Austere Erratic Punctual In the same fashion the following other dichotomies could be constructed Orderly 9 Desultory 15 Vigorous 12 Weakly 15 Introverted 11 Extraverted 11 For our particular purposes it seemed even more important to have some indications as to the attitudes held towards thrift and extravagance the answers to the following questions gave us some clues. Question 1. When it comes to spending money would