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The Psychology of Money and Public Finance by Günter Schmölders (Dec 12, 2006)_3

Tham khảo tài liệu 'the psychology of money and public finance by günter schmölders (dec 12, 2006)_3', tài chính - ngân hàng, tài chính doanh nghiệp phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | years ago with barely concealed amazement Cases are not rare of men who alternate between earning two or three pounds a week and being reduced to the verge of starvation the utility of a shilling to them when they are in employment is less than that of a penny when they are out of it and yet they never attempt to make provision for the time of need. At the opposite extreme there are misers in some of whom the passion for saving borders on insanity. The causes which control the accumulation of wealth differ widely in different countries and different ages. They are not quite the same among any two races and perhaps not even among any two social classes in the same race. They depend much on social and religious sanctions and it is remarkable how when the binding force of custom has been in any degree loosened differences of personal character will cause neighbours brought up under like conditions to differ from one another more widely and more frequently in their habits of extravagance or thrift than in almost any other respect.19 Miserliness thrift and the action of saving accumulation of wealth and precautionary savings against future needs are colourfully mixed together here and in most other teaching books on economic theory simultaneously being inseparably mixed with notions of a thrifty or spendthrift pattern of living and budget management on the expenditure side which is ascetic or expansive to a greater or lesser degree. The fact that the boundaries of these different patterns of behaviour are admittedly generally not immediately apparent and fundamentally can only be established through careful studies of motives was already acknowledged by Knigge in the 1800s using the example of the miserly scrooge . He describes miserliness as one of the most ignoble most scandalous passions One cannot imagine any baseness of which a miser would not be capable where his desire for wealth comes into play and any feeling of a higher kind friendship sympathy and .