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Administration of HES in elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia is not associated with an increase in renal injury
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Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is applied to achieve volume expansion during surgery; however, nephrotoxicity may be induced in patients with sepsis. Simultaneously, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and IL-18 have been illustrated as pivotal indicators to diagnose the acute kidney injury (AKI) early. |