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CLEANER PRODUCTION AUDIT IN THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY IN VIETNAM

However, China’s industry is dependent on non-wood fibers (largely agricultural residues) at a 3:1 ratio over wood fiber. This suggests a concentration of many smaller operations. In fact, China’s rapid agricultural growth since 1978 provided fiber for eight-fold growth in the production of smaller papermills between 1984 and 1992 (CTAPI (1993)). The smaller mills have been rapid innovators, but they remain especially environmentally intrusive. They are dependent on pollution control technologies that are not as effective for non-wood fibers. Non-wood fibers deteriorate more rapidly in storage, leaving a larger volume of untreated residue in the holding ponds and wastewater effluents | CLEANER PRODUCTION AUDIT IN THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY A CASE STUDY IN VIETNAM by Vu Tuong Anh A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science Examination Committee Vu Tuong Anh Nationality Previous Degree Scholarship Donor Dr. C. Visvanathan Chairman Mrs. Samorn Muttamara Dr. Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh Vietnamese B.Sc. Chemistry Hanoi University Ecumenical Scholarship Program ESP Asian Institute of Technology Bangkok Thailand August 1996 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all I would like to express my profound gratitude and sincerest appreciation to my advisor Dr. C. Visvanathan for his encouragement unending support and valuable advice throughout the study period. My gratitude is extended to Mrs. Samorn Muttamara and Dr. Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh for their valuable advice and kindly serving as committee members. Appreciation is greatly extended to the Ecumenical Scholarship Program ESP for providing financial support for my study at AIT and to the DANIDA for supporting research grant. Sincere thanks are due to Dr. Tran Van Nhan and the Center for Environmental Science and Technology Hanoi University of Technology for their help and support during my field study in Vietnam. I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr. Mark Radka of UNEP for providing necessary information and sharing his experience with me. My thanks is extended to all staff in the Technical Department of the Van Diem mill for their help in my field study in the mill. I would like to thank all faculty staff and friends of EEP SERD at AIT for their help and cooperation. Finally I wish to express my extreme gratefulness to my beloved parents and my brother for their unending love and encouragement. My sincere thanks is extended to my husband for his helpfulness encouragement and moral support during my research period. I would like to dedicate this piece of work to my beloved parents. iii ABSTRACT Van Diem Paper Mill is a small integrated paper mill that uses .