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Ebook Oral medicine and pathology at a glance: Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book "Oral medicine and pathology at a glance" presentation of content: Local causes, drug-induced ulcers, aphthae, neck swelling, salivary conditions, jaw bone conditions, maxillary sinus conditions, oral malodor, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and AIDS,. | 9781405199858_4_C30.qxd 30 3/1/10 2:10 Page 52 Swellings: Malignant neoplasms, lymphoma, metastatic neoplasms Figure 30.1 Lymphoma. Figure 30.2 Lymphoma (from Bagan JV, Scully C. Medicina y Patologia Oral, 2006). Figure 30.3a Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Figure 30.3b Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Figure 30.3c Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Figure 30.4 Metastasis of carcinoma. Figure 30.3d Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Figure 30.5 Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. 52 Chapter 30 Lymphoma, metastatic neoplasms 9781405199858_4_C30.qxd 3/1/10 2:10 Page 53 Lymphomas Definition: Malignant neoplasm arising from lymphocytes; based on the “Revised European-American Lymphoma classification” (REAL), the WHO (2001, updated 2008) classified lymphomas in three broad groups (B, T or NK (natural killer)) according to cell type, plus less common groups e.g. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Prevalence (approximate): Lymphomas are rare but, with the increase in HIV disease, are becoming more common. Age mainly affected: Young adults. However, African Burkitt lymphoma typically affects children F. Etiopathogenesis: Lymphomas affecting the oral cavity are mainly B-cell lymphomas. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is more common in immunosuppression/HIV and autoimmune disease and often associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV; human herpesvirus-4). Plasmablastic lymphoma (polymorphic immunoblastic B lymphoproliferative disease) is predisposed by HIV disease and may be EBV-related, as is African Burkitt lymphoma (BL). HL affects males predominantly and may have a family history, history of EBV infection, or rarely HIV or the prolonged use of growth hormone. T-cell/NK angiocentric lymphomas (lethal midline granuloma) are related to EBV while T-cell lymphomas are occasionally associated with HTLV-1. CT scanning with PET, or gallium scan, are used to detect small deposits (Figures 30.3a–d). Biopsy/histopathology are mandatory. Lymphomas should be classified by histopathology and immunochemistry, and staged for the .