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Báo cáo " URBAN AIR POLLUTION IN CHINA: Current Status, Characteristics, and Progress "

China is rapidly developing as evidenced by enhanced urbanization and industrialization and greatly increased energy consumption. However, these have brought Chinese cities a variety of urban air pollution problems in recent decades. During the 1970s, black smoke from stacks became the characteristic of Chinese industrial cities; in the 1980s, many southern cities began to suffer serious acid rain pollution; and recently, the air quality in large cities has deteriorated due to nitrous oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and photochemical smog, which are typical of vehicle pollution. Some cities now have a mixture of these. Urban air pollution influences both the. | Annu. Rev. Energy Environ. 2002. 27 397-431 doi 10.1146 annurev.energy.27.122001.083421 Copyright 2002 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved Urban Air Pollution in China Current Status Characteristics and Progress Kebin He Hong Huo and Qiang Zhang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China e-mail hekb@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn huohong@pm25.org zhangqiang@pm25.org Key Words Chinese cities urban air quality atmospheric pollutants control strategies Beijing Abstract China is rapidly developing as evidenced by enhanced urbanization and industrialization and greatly increased energy consumption. However these have brought Chinese cities a variety of urban air pollution problems in recent decades. During the 1970s black smoke from stacks became the characteristic of Chinese industrial cities in the 1980s many southern cities began to suffer serious acid rain pollution and recently the air quality in large cities has deteriorated due to nitrous oxides NOx carbon monoxide CO and photochemical smog which are typical of vehicle pollution. Some cities now have a mixture of these. Urban air pollution influences both the health of citizens and the development of cities. To control air pollution and protect the atmospheric environment the Chinese government has implemented a variety of programs. This paper first reviews the current status of air quality in Chinese cities especially key cities then describes the characteristics of some major urban air pollutants including total suspended particles TSP respirable particles 10 microns or less in diameter PM10 very fine particles 2.5 microns or less in diameter PM2.5 sulfur dioxide SO2 acid rain NOx and photochemical smog. Two specific topics SO2 and acid rain control and vehicle emission control are used to illustrate the actions that the government has taken and future plans. Finally a case study of the Chinese capital Beijing is presented with a discussion of its main air pollution .