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Rights of HIV Positive People to Sexual and Reproductive Health: Parenthood

The first function, sperm cell formation, occurs in the two testes. The formation of sperm requires a temperature that is a few degrees cooler than the temperature of the rest of the body. How is this temperature reduction produced? The testes are suspended within a sac called the scrotum. Because it is not located within the body cavity, the temperature of the scrotum is a few degrees lower than normal body temperature. The scrotum is an adaptation that has evolved to increase the chances of pro- ducing healthy sperm. Inside the testes are a great many tiny tubes, or tubules. In fact, if all the tubules in a single. | ELSEVIER www.rhm-elsevier.com 2007 Reproductive Health Matters. All rights reserved. Reproductive Health Matters 2007 15 29 Supplement 27-45 0968-8080 06 - see front matter PII S09 68 - 8080 07 2 903 2-9 REPRODUCTIVE matters www.rhmjournal.org.uk Rights of HIV Positive People to Sexual and Reproductive Health Parenthood Aluisio Cotrim Segurado a Vera Paivab a Department of Infectious Diseases School of Medicine University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil. E-mail segurado@usp.br b Psychology Institute University of Sao Paulo Scio Paulo Brazil Abstract In many areas of the globe most HIV infection is transmitted sexually or in association with pregnancy childbirth and breastfeeding raising the need for sexual and reproductive health and HIV AIDS initiatives to be mutually reinforcing. Many people with HIV who are in good health will want to have children and highly active antiretroviral therapy provides women and men living with AIDS the possibility of envisaging new life projects such as parenthood because of a return to health. However there are still difficult choices to face concerning sexuality parenthood desires and family life. Structural social and cultural issues as well as the lack of programmatic support hinder the fulfilment of the right to quality sexual and reproductive health care and support for having a family. This paper addresses the continuum of care involved in parenthood for people living with HIV from pregnancy to infant and child care and provides evidence-based examples of policies and programmes that integrate sexual and reproductive health interventions with HIV AIDS care in order to support parenthood. Focusing on parenthood for people living with and affected by HIV that is focusing on the couple rather than the woman as the unit of care the individual or the set of adults who are responsible for raising children would be an innovative programmatic advance. Going beyond maternal and child health care to providing care and support for parents