Đang chuẩn bị liên kết để tải về tài liệu:
Male reproductive control of women who have experienced intimate partner violence in the United States

The growing tissue then begins to release more hormones to keep everything in the right condition. How- ever, if fertilization does not occur, the continued preparations in the uterus are unnecessary. The body realizes this near the end of the four- week period of the menstrual cycle. At this time, the level of LH decreases, the corpus luteum breaks down, and the level of progesterone decreases. Without this hormone, the uterine lining no longer remains intact. Instead, the lining breaks down. The built-up tissue along with some blood and the unfertilized egg are released from the body. This flow of blood, called menstruation, lasts for about four days. Then. | Male reproductive control of women who have experienced intimate partner violence in the United States Ann M. Moore a Lori Frohwirth a Elizabeth Miller b a Guttmacher Institute 125 Maiden Lane 7th Floor New York NY 10038 United States b University of California - Davis School of Medicine United States This article will be published in a forthcoming issue of Social Science and Medicine. doi 10.1016 j.socscimed.2010.02.009 Male reproductive control of women who have experienced intimate partner violence in the United States Abstract Women who have experienced intimate partner violence are consistently found to have poor sexual and reproductive health when compared to non-abused women but the mechanisms through which such associations occur are inadequately defined Coker 2007 . Through face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews we gathered full reproductive histories of 71 women aged 18-49 with a history of IPV recruited from a family planning clinic an abortion clinic and a domestic violence shelter in the United States. A phenomenon which emerged among fifty-three respondents 74 was male reproductive control which encompasses pregnancy-promoting behaviors as well as control and abuse during pregnancy in an attempt to influence the pregnancy outcome. Pregnancy promotion involves male partner attempts to impregnate a woman including verbal threats about getting her pregnant unprotected forced sex and contraceptive sabotage. Once pregnant male partners resort to behaviors that threaten a woman if she does not do what he desires with the pregnancy. Reproductive control was present in violent as well as non-violent relationships. By assessing for male reproductive control among women seeking reproductive health services including antenatal care health care providers may be able to provide education care and counseling to help women protect their reproductive health and physical safety. Background Intimate partner violence IPV is associated with unwanted pregnancy .