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Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Treatment Technologies Handbook - Chapter 4

Thiêu đốt đã được sử dụng bởi ngành công nghiệp kể từ những năm 1930 để đối phó với  "phiền hà wastesÂ" (Cudahy, 1999). Vào thời điểm đó, nó được phát triển như là một giải pháp lâu dài đối với chất thải hữu cơ công nghiệp mà không thể được thải ra suối và kênh rạch mà không có kết quả đáng chú ý. Với khởi đầu đó, thiêu đốt đã trở thành một quá trình lựa chọn cho chất thải công nghiệp, chất thải, thành phố trực thuộc Trung ương, phục hồi môi trường sạch-up, chất thải. | Chapter Four Thermal Treatment Technologies 2001 by CRC Press LLC 4.1 Incineration Systems John N. McFee and Charles pfrommer Jr. IT Corporation Knoxville Tennessee Michael L. Aident IT Corporation Englewood Colorado Introduction Incineration has been used by industry since the 1930s to deal with troublesome wastes Cudahy 1999 . At that time it was developed as a permanent solution for organic industrial wastes that could not be discharged into streams and waterways without noticeable results. With that start incineration became a process option for industrial wastes municipal wastes environmental restoration clean-ups radioactive wastes medical wastes and virtually any organic material that represents an environmental hazard. This chapter section describes several conventional incinerator types with emphasis on the special issues related to the treatment of radioactive and mixed wastes. Radioactive waste incineration has been practiced since the 1950s for volume reduction and conversion of slightly contaminated fibrous waste to forms amenable to immobilization Perkins 1976 . The earliest radioactive waste incinerators were variations on the fixed hearth or controlled air incinerators. These were manual feed manual discharge systems. In the 1980s several manufacturers offered radioactive treatment systems based on common incinerator designs for the treatment of wastes from nuclear power stations. With the definition and regulation of mixed waste the focus has turned to demonstration that these same incinerator designs acceptably address the hazardous and toxic constituents of radioactive waste. In general practice incineration is the high-temperature oxidation of a waste material for the purpose of volume reduction energy recovery or detoxification. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. EPA provides a definition in 40 CFR 260.10 a closed device that uses controlled flame combustion . This definition has supported the exclusion of some non-flame oxidation .