tailieunhanh - Hazardous and Radioactive Waste Treatment Technologies Handbook - Chapter 8

Tẩy xạ loại bỏ chất của mối quan tâm quản lý, chẳng hạn như hoá chất độc hại, chất phóng xạ, và làm cho mục decontaminated  "cleanÂ" hoặc ít bị ô nhiễm. Không có kỹ thuật khử trùng duy nhất là hoàn toàn đầy đủ cho tất cả các trường hợp khử độc, mặc dù có thể có một kỹ thuật tối ưu hoặc kết hợp các kỹ thuật cho một ứng dụng cụ thể. Nó thường được tìm thấy rằng các kết quả phụ thuộc nhiều hơn vào các kiến thức, kỹ năng, và đào tạo của những. | Chapter Eight 2001 by CRC Press LLC Decontamination Julia L. Tripp Richard H. Meservey and Rick L. Demmer Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Idaho Falls Idaho Decontamination Techniques Decontamination removes substances of regulatory concern such as noxious chemicals or radioactive material and renders the decontaminated item clean or less contaminated. No single decontamination technique is completely adequate for all decontamination situations although there may be an optimum technique or combination of techniques for a specific application. It has often been found that the results depend more on the knowledge skill and training of those planning and conducting the decontamination operation than on the inherent characteristics and capabilities of a particular technique. It should also be noted that the cost of decontamination should be weighed against its benefit. This is particularly true for nuclear decommissioning activities where decontamination can be an unnecessary step. When determining the best decontamination technology for an application several criteria should be taken into consideration as shown in Figure . Each criterion can be given a weighting factor to indicate the importance of that category in the determination of the best decontamination technique for a particular application. The more that is known about the contamination its chemical composition structure and adherence to the base material the easier it will be to choose the most efficient decontamination method. The types of surface and the materials of construction must also be considered prior to selecting a decontamination method. Most piping and tanks used in the nuclear industries are constructed of stainless steel. However more exotic materials such as Hastelloy or titanium are sometimes used. In addition secondary waste generation potential for recontamination and waste compatibility with disposal facilities can be important factors. Generally speaking scale .