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Crime and Violence in Central America: A Development Challenge

A prerequisite for using the facilities offered by the Bundesbank for cashless payments is a current account with the Bundesbank. 1 The Bundesbank manages current accounts for banks and public authorities and, in exceptional cases - with a limited range of services - also for companies and private individuals. Apart from the minimum reserve balances, current accounts with the Deutsche Bundesbank do not bear interest and are run on a credit basis only. In accordance with the cover principle laid down in the BBankG, payment orders are only executed if sufficient cover is available. In order to avoid a delay in. | andViolence in Central America A Development Challenge Crime and Violence in Central America A Development Challenge 2011 Sustainable Development Department and Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Unit Latin America and the Caribbean Region Document of the World Bank TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.II I. THE EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM.1 I. 1 Who are the victims of crime in Central America .3 II. THE COSTS OF CRIME AND VIOLENCE.4 II. 1 The direct costs of crime and violence.4 11.2 The growth costs of crime and violence.6 11.3 Crime and violence affect the legitimacy of justice sector institutions.9 III. THE DRIVERS OF CRIME.11 III. 1 Drug trafficking.12 111.2 Youth violence and gangs.15 111.3 The legacy of the region s wars and the availability of firearms.19 111.4 Assessing the relative importance of alternative explanations.21 IV. POLICY OPTIONS.22 IV.1 Prevention programs.24 IV.2 Criminal justice reform.28 IV.3 Regional approaches.32 .