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Early Civilizations in the Americas Biographies and Primary Sources

Many American history books begin with the year 1492 and the discovery of the Caribbean Islands by Spanish explorer Christopher Columbus (1451–1506). For the great civilizations of Mesoamerica and South America, though, 1492 proved to be the beginning of the end of their civilization. The products of thousands of years of history—the cities, the architecture, markets, governments, economic systems, legal systems, schools, books, holy shrines—even the daily prayers of the people—were about to be willfully eliminated by the conquering European nations. The rupture would prove so deep that many aspects of pre-Hispanic American culture and tradition were forever deleted from the human memory. Fortunately, some of the important history of the early civilizations. | Early Civilizations in the Americas Biographies and Primary Sources Early Civilizations in the Americas Biographies and Primary Sources Sonia Benson Deborah J. Baker Project Editor U-X-L An imprint of Thomson Gale a part of The Thomson Corporation THOMSON --------- GALE Detroit New York San Francisco San Diego New Haven Conn. Waterville Maine London Munich THOMSON GALE Early Civilizations in the Americas Biographies and Primary Sources Sonia Benson Project Editor Deborah J. Baker Editorial Michael D. Lesniak Sarah Hermsen Allison McNeill Rights Acquisitions and Management Shalice Shah-Caldwell William Sampson 2005 Thomson Gale a part of The Thomson Corporation. Thomson and Star Logo are trademarks and Gale is a registered trademark used herein under license. For more information contact Thomson Gale 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills MI 48331-3535 Or you can visit our Internet site at http www.gale.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means graphic electronic or mechanical in- Imaging and Multimedia Kelly A. Quin Lezlie Light Dan Newell Product Design Jennifer Wahi Pamela Galbreath Composition and Electronic Prepress Evi Seoud Manufacturing Rita Wimberley cluding photocopying recording taping Web distribution or information storage retrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this product submit your request via Web at http www.gale-edit.com permis-sions or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax or mail to Permissions Department Thomson Gale 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills MI 48331-3535 Permissions Hotline 248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253 ext. 8006 Fax 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058 Cover photograph Montezuma photograph by Archivo Iconografico S.A. Cor-bis. Reproduced by permission. While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication .