tailieunhanh - Mathematics The History of Mathematics: An Introduction

Sincemany excellent treatises on the history ofmathemat- ics are available, there may seem little reason for writing still another. But most current works are severely techni- cal, written by mathematicians for other mathematicians or for historians of science. Despite the admirable schol- arship and often clear presentation of these works, they are not especially well adapted to the undergraduate classroom. (Perhaps the most notable exception is Howard Eves’s popular account, An Introduction to the History of Mathematics.) There seems to be room at this time for a textbook of tolerable length and balance addressed to the undergraduate student, which at the same time is accessible to the general reader. | Primis Online Mathematics The History of Mathematics An Introduction 6th Editi Burton McGraw-Hill A Division of KMcGraw-HillCompanies McGraw-Hill Primis ISBN 0-390-63234-1 Text The History of Mathematics An Introduction Sixth Edition Burton This book was printed on recycled paper. Mathematics http primis online Copyright 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976 no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means or stored in a database or retrieval system without prior written permission of the publisher. This McGraw-Hill Primis text may include materials submitted to McGraw-Hill for publication by the instructor of this course. The instructor is solely responsible for the editorial content of such materials. 111 MATHGEN ISBN 0-390-63234-1 Mathematics Contents Burton The History of Mathematics An Introduction Sixth Edition Front Matter 1 Preface 1 1. Early Number Systems and Symbols 4 Text 4 2. Mathematics in Early Civilizations 36 Text 36 3. The Beginnings of Greek Mathematics 87 Text 87 4. The Alexandrian School Euclid 144 Text 144 5. The Twilight of Greek Mathematics Diophantus 216 Text 216 6. The First Awakening Fibonacci 272 Text 272 7. The Renaissance of Mathematics Cardan and Tartaglia_303 Text 303 8. The Mechanical World Descartes and Newton 338 Text 338 9. The Development of Probability Theory Pascal Bernoulli and Laplace 438 Text 438 10. The Revival of Number Theory Fermat Euler and Gauss 495 Text 495 11. Nineteenth-Century Contributions Lobachevsky to Hilbert 559 Text 559 .