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building a cicso network for windows 2000 phần 4

Tiếng nói của mỗi máy tính là một hệ thống nhị phân của những người thân và số không. Ngăn xếp giao thức là cú pháp của ngôn ngữ đó khi nó di chuyển giữa các máy tính. Khi bạn nhìn vào một giao thức ngăn xếp, bạn nên sử dụng mô hình tham chiếu OSI liên quan đến những giao thức nào đó làm việc với các giao thức khác trong ngăn xếp. | 154 Chapter 4 Protocols and Networking Concepts Summary The language spoken by each computer is a binary system of ones and zeros. The protocol stack is the syntax of that language when it travels between computers. When you look at a protocol stack you should use the OSI reference model to relate to how that protocol works with the other protocols in the stack. Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP is the protocol stack used by the Internet. It is the protocol that is closest to being implemented universally on networks worldwide. The protocol stack works over most media wide area network WAN protocols and the IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802 series physical and data-link layer protocols which includes Ethernet IEEE 802.3 and Token Ring IEEE 802.5 as well as many others. The network layer protocol IP Internet Protocol provides the addressing for network nodes and segments. The transport layer protocols TCP Transmission Control Protocol and UDP User Datagram Protocol provide connection-oriented and connectionless connectivity respectively. Each interface in a server or router is given its own IP address. On Windows 2000 the IP address is set in the Network and Dial-up connections applet found in the Control Panel. On a Cisco router the IP address is set in interface configuration mode. DNS Domain Name System is important for mapping host names to IP addresses. DNS is required for Windows 2000 Active Directory. It is the mechanism by which servers discover each other to exchange information and by which clients discover servers in order to authenticate and query the Active Directory database. DNS services can be installed on Windows 2000 or Windows 2000 can be configured to use other DNS servers. DNS is a hierarchical system that includes root servers on the Internet. DNS lookups that cannot be resolved on a DNS server can be passed through the hierarchy until an answer is found. DNS uses a zone for each segment of its .