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Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 14

Sự hình thành và sự xuất hiện của dòng vi khuẩn kháng kháng sinh (đặc biệt là tác nhân gây bệnh) trong môi trường có mối quan tâm đáng kể cho xã hội, và là trọng tâm cụ thể của khoa học và quản lý cộng đồng. Trong động vật nông nghiệp tại Hoa Kỳ và những nơi khác, kháng sinh được cung cấp cho lợn vì lý do điều trị, cũng như đối với Các thuốc kháng sinh tăng trưởng promotion.Many được cho ăn hoặc tiêm vào lợn có thể vượt qua thông qua các lợn unmetabolized và, do đó, kết thúc trong phân. | 14 Treatment of Antibiotics n Swine Wastewater Craig D. Adams Contents 14.1 Introduction.331 14.2 Typical Manure Handling Systems for Swine.332 14.2.1 Interior Storage.332 14.2.2 Exterior Storage and Treatment.333 14.2.3 Multicell Lagoon Systems.334 14.2.4 Anaerobic Digestion.334 14.3 Sorption of Antibiotics in Swine Lagoons.336 14.4 Hydrolysis of Antibiotics in Lagoons.337 14.5 Biological Treatment of Antibiotics in Conventional Swine Treatment Systems. 337 14.5.1 Anaerobic Biodegradation.338 14.5.2 Aerobic Biodegradation.339 14.5.3 Inhibition of Anaerobic Biodegradation by Antibiotics in Swine Lagoons.339 14.6 Chlorine Treatment for Antibiotics in Swine Wastewater.340 14.6.1 Antibiotic Removal.340 14.6.2 Simultaneous Disinfection.342 14.6.3 Comparison of Selected Classes of Antibiotics.345 14.7 Other Treatment Approaches.345 14.8 Concluding Remarks.346 References.347 14.1 INTRODUCTION The formation and occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria especially pathogens in the environment are of significant concern to society and are the specific focus of the scientific and regulatory communities. In animal agriculture in the United States and elsewhere antibiotics are provided to swine for therapeutic reasons as well as for growth promotion. Many antibiotics that are fed to or injected into swine may pass through the swine unmetabolized and therefore end up in the swine manure that is passed into the treatment system. Accordingly it is of considerable interest that an economical and effective means of treating these antibiotics prevent or minimize their introduction into the environment during their field application Figure 14.1 . 331 2008 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 332 Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems FIGURE 14.1 Sludge pump used to transfer lagoon slurry from lagoon to adjacent fields. 14.2 TYPICAL MANURE HANDLING SYSTEMS FOR SWINE Swine manure is a mixture of urine and feces which often contains significant concentrations