tailieunhanh - Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems - Chapter 5

Thuốc thú y được sử dụng rộng rãi để điều trị bệnh và bảo vệ sức khỏe động vật. Chế độ ăn uống các chất phụ gia thức ăn chăn nuôi tăng cường (kích thích tăng trưởng) cũng được tích hợp vào thức ăn của động vật nuôi làm thực phẩm để cải thiện tốc độ tăng trưởng của họ. sau quản lý một động vật được điều trị, thuốc được hấp thu và trong một số trường hợp có thể được chuyển hóa. Phát hành các loại thuốc mẹ thú y và các chất chuyển hóa để môi trường sau đó có thể xảy. | Part II Environmental Fate and Transformations of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals 2008 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 5 Fate and Transport of Veterinary Medicines in the Soil Environment Alistair . Boxall Contents Inputs of Livestock Medicines to the Fate of Veterinary Medicines in Sorption in Persistence in Transport of Veterinary Medicines in Soil Leaching to Runoff .129 Drain Uptake into Biota . 129 Modeling Exposure in Soils. 131 Occurrence in the Soil Conclusion . 132 References. 134 INTRODUCTION Veterinary medicines are widely used to treat disease and protect the health of animals. Dietary enhancing feed additives growth promoters are also incorporated into the feed of animals reared for food in order to improve their growth rates. Following administration to a treated animal medicines are absorbed and in some instances may be metabolized. Release of parent veterinary medicines and their metabolites to the environment can then occur both directly for example the use of medicines in fish farms and indirectly via the application of animal manure containing excreted products to land or via direct excretion of residues onto Over the past 10 years the scientific community has become increasingly interested in the impacts of veterinary medicines on the environment and there have been significant developments in the regulatory requirements for the environmental assessment of veterinary products. A number of groups of veterinary medicines including sheep dip chemicals fish farm medicines anthelmintics and antibiotics have been well studied in recent years and a large body of data is now This chapter 123 2008 by Taylor Francis Group LLC 124 Fate of Pharmaceuticals in the Environment and in Water Treatment Systems reviews our understanding of the inputs of livestock .