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ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 19

Phần này khám phá sinh thái chất độc từ các vị trí thuận lợi của dân số. Xem chi tiết liên quan đến dân số được cung cấp để tăng cường sự khác biệt của người đọc và tích hợp các thông tin liên quan đến dân số. Khối lượng này cũng cố gắng làm cầu nối các khái niệm và kỹ thuật trong hai phần trên sinh vật và sinh thái chất độc cộng đồng. Hy vọng rằng, bằng nỗ lực ban đầu để dịch các khái niệm và các số liệu giữa các cấp, thứ bậc, consilience dần. | 19 Concl usion To conceive of it with a total apprehension I must for the thousandth time approach it as something totally Tho .u1S59 cMi Bia1 . 1W9 19.1 OVERVIEW This section explored ecotoxicology from the vantage of the population. Detail relative to populations was provided to enhance the reader s differentiation and integration of population-related information. This volume also tries to bridge concepts and techniques in the two sections on organismal and community ecotoxicology. Hopefully by this initial effort to translate concepts and metrics among hierarchical levels consilience might gradually emerge as a more central strategic goal of ecotoxicology during the next decades. Let us review for the moment what has been presented in this section. The vantage of population ecotoxicology the science of contaminants in the biosphere and their effects on populations was argued to be crucial for predicting extinction risk for populations under contaminant exposure. Such prediction is a central objective of much environmental legislation. With the exception of federal acts focused on human health or endangered species the intent of key U.S. environmental laws is an assurance of species population viability in environments containing toxicants. This can be done more directly with population-based concepts and data than with individual-based concepts models and information alone. Potential contributions to the potential effectiveness of prediction can be found in the subdisciplines of epidemiology population dynamics demography metapopulation biology life history theory and population genetics. Related concepts and techniques afford effective description and prediction of population consequences. 19.2 SOME PARTICULARLY KEY CONCEPTS 19.2.1 Epidemiology Epidemiology provided a mode of describing toxicant-related disease in populations and quantitatively comparing disease in different populations or study groups. Models identifying risk factors for individuals within .