tailieunhanh - ECOTOXICOLOGY: A Comprehensive Treatment - Chapter 2

Conventionalities là xấu như các tạp chất. Không phổ biến học tập (H. D. Thoreau 1851) Nghiên cứu độc học sinh thái sinh vật khám phá hiệu ứng độc tố cá nhân, và nếu có thể, liên kết ảnh hưởng cho người dân và cộng đồng. Thăm dò này đã được trung tâm nghiên cứu độc học sinh thái và người tiền nhiệm của nó (thủy sản, động vật hoang dã, và độc học môi trường) kể từ khi inceptions của họ. Do khuynh hướng của chúng tôi đối với nghiên cứu về các hiệu ứng độc tố soma cơ thể. | Part II Organismal Ecotoxicology Conventionalities are as bad as impurities. Uncommon Learning . Thoreau 1851 Organismal ecotoxicology explores toxicant effects to individuals and where possible links them to effects to populations and communities. Such exploration has been at the center of ecotoxicology and its predecessors aquatic wildlife and environmental toxicology since their inceptions. Because of our proclivity toward study of toxicant effects to the soma the body of the individual organism much in this section should be comfortably familiar to the professional ecotoxicologist or advanced student. What might not be as familiar will be the focus on fundamental principles and linkage of these effects to those at higher levels of biological organization. The preoccupation of ecotoxicologists with the soma emerges from the historical foundations of our new science. It is obvious during even a cursory examination of the most popular ecotoxicology textbooks . Cockerham and Shane 1994 Connell et al. 1999 Landis and Yu 1995 Newman 1998 Walker et al. 2001 that many basic concepts and techniques blended into ecotoxicology come from mammalian toxicology a field with a justifiable emphasis on the individual. Still other concepts and techniques come from classic autecology. Used with balance and insight this offers several advantages to the field. Ecotoxicologists can draw deeply from the mechanistic knowledge base of classic toxicology a field focused on individuals. This knowledge is directly useful for charismatic endangered or threatened species that are protected by prohibiting the taking of even a single individual. It also provides a firm base at one level of biological organization from which to extend scientific insight upward to the next. The mechanistic and technological richness of classic toxicology and autecology comes at a price. The paradigms around which phenomena are explored by ecotoxicologists are often those associated with the soma. .