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QUALITY CONTROL OF HERBAL MEDICINES AND RELATED AREAS

In most cohort studies it is necessary to calculate the actual time-at-risk for each individual as person-time. The person-time is used to either calculate mortality or incidence rates of the cohort or to perform indirect standardization or multivariate analysis. Person-time was calculated in person-years (PY) by a SAS® macro. The macro uses the three time variables of age, length of stay in Germany and calendar-year. The macro calculates and distributes the person-years exactly to the day. Age and length of stay are categorized in one year intervals. Afterwards age is categorized into five year age groups up to 85 and older | QUALITY CONTROL OF HERBAL MEDICINES AND RELATED AREAS Edited by Yukihiro Shoyama INTECHWEB.ORG Quality Control of Herbal Medicines and Related Areas Edited by Yukihiro Shoyama Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9 51000 Rijeka Croatia Copyright 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license which permits to copy distribute transmit and adapt the work in any medium so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech authors have the right to republish it in whole or part in any publication of which they are the author and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials instructions methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Niksa Mandic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Jan Hyrat Image Copyright Imagestalk 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published October 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Quality Control of Herbal Medicines and Related Areas Edited by Yukihiro Shoyama p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-682-9 kfTE IJ OPEN ACCESS INI Lvrl PUBLISHER INTECH open free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at .