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The grammar book teacher course part 26

If the approach focuses on language analysis, the connection should be easy to make. The more teachers know about grammar, the more expeditiously they should be able to raise a learner's consciousness about how the language works. They .should be able to focus learner attention on the distinctive features of a particular grammatical form in less time than it would take for the learner to notice them on his or her own. | 170 The Grammar Book Note the backgrounding present tense used in line 9 in the preceding text for expressing the seaman s emotions the simple past tense used in lines 6 and 7 for the specific events that happened once when he was in Calcutta and also the quoted speech of the last two lines marked by present tense. Other than these forms the frame with used to and the elaboration with would alternating with past tense account for the tense-aspect-modal sequences in both of the two texts above. In contrast to the relatively longer texts in the habitual past that Suh 1992b described such as the two above many shorter texts exist in which patterns with used to are also discernible. In the following examples in P used to occurs in the first clause and is followed by a second and possibly third clause in the present present progressive present perfect or present perfect progressive tense. These noninitial clauses typically follow but and contrast with and negate the past habitual event or state expressed in the first clause with used to P. a. Alice used to be a kindergarten teacher but she doesn t work anymore. She s now a mother and homemaker. b. Jack used to live in Chicago but since 1992 he s been working in Los Angeles. We feel that such shorter frames should also be identified described and presented and practiced pedagogically. Suh 1992a also found many examples of future narratives that lend further support to her frame-elaboration hypothesis. She found that oral narratives that express possible future scenarios tend to be framed by be going to which makes a bridge from the present moment of speaking to the future. These narratives are then elaborated with will ll which express more remote future contingencies. Consider the following examples Q. Gastric restriction 17 A doctor informally explains the surgical procedure he performs on the morbidly obese. 1. They re going to go in and uh have their gut 2. slit open their stomach exposed and have it stapled off 3. .