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In vitro germination, protocorm formation, and plantlet development of Orchis coriophora (Orchidaceae), a naturally growing orchid species in Turkey

Some species belonging to the genus Orchis Tourn. ex L. are of great economic importance as their tubers or corms are used to produce a hot beverage called salep. Nevertheless, these plants are not cultivated but are rather collected from nature, and due to careless collection many have already been listed as endangered plants. | Turkish Journal of Botany http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ Research Article Turk J Bot (2013) 37: 336-342 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/bot-1205-28 In vitro germination, protocorm formation, and plantlet development of Orchis coriophora (Orchidaceae), a naturally growing orchid species in Turkey Ersan BEKTAŞ*, Mustafa CÜCE, Atalay SÖKMEN Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey Received: 23.05.2012 Accepted: 22.11.2012 Published Online: 15.03.2013 Printed: 15.04.2013 Abstract: Some species belonging to the genus Orchis Tourn. ex L. (Orchidaceae) are of great economic importance as their tubers or corms are used to produce a hot beverage called salep. Nevertheless, these plants are not cultivated but are rather collected from nature, and due to careless collection many have already been listed as endangered plants. In order to assess the possibility of in vitro propagation, an orchid, Orchis coriophora L., was selected as a model plant, and the effects of basal media and plant growth regulators on in vitro seed germination, protocorm development, and plantlet formation were studied. Mature seeds were cultured in 4 different basal media, each supplemented with various concentrations and/or combinations of auxins and cytokinins/cytokinin-like substances. The highest germination rate (44.2%) was observed in Orchimax medium including activated charcoal plus 1 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid. Protocorms developed plantlets in all the tested media. Orchimax medium including activated charcoal and supplemented with 0.25 mg/L 6-benzyladenine was found to be the most suitable medium for the formation of plantlets from protocorms. Key words: Orchis coriophora, protocorm, in vitro germination, Orchimax, mature seed 1. Introduction The family Orchidaceae is one of the largest flowering plant families, comprising more than 880 genera and around 26,000 species, many of which grow wild throughout the world. Almost 800 .