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Evaluation of phytotoxic and mutagenic effects of some cinnamic acid derivatives using the Triticum test

Five cinnamic acid derivatives [cinnamic acid, 2,3-dibromo-3-phenyl-propanoic acid, 2,3-dibromo-3-(3-bromophenyl)-propanoic acid, 2,3-dibromo-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, and 2,3-dibromo-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-propanoic acid] were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and their minimal bactericidal concentrations were determined (100 µg/mL). | Turkish Journal of Biology Turk J Biol (2013) 37: 748-756 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/biy-1304-39 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/ Research Article Evaluation of phytotoxic and mutagenic effects of some cinnamic acid derivatives using the Triticum test 1 2, 1 1 1 Alexandra JITĂREANU , Silvica PĂDUREANU *, Gabriela TĂTĂRÎNGĂ , Cristina TUCHILUȘ , Ursula STĂNESCU 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa Iasi, Iasi, Romania 2 Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agronomy Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iasi, Iasi, Romania Received: 18.04.2013 Accepted: 02.08.2013 Published Online: 08.10.2013 Printed: 04.11.2013 Abstract: Five cinnamic acid derivatives [cinnamic acid, 2,3-dibromo-3-phenyl-propanoic acid, 2,3-dibromo-3-(3-bromophenyl)propanoic acid, 2,3-dibromo-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, and 2,3-dibromo-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5methoxyphenyl)-propanoic acid] were found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and their minimal bactericidal concentrations were determined (100 µg/mL). The first step in assessing their toxicological potential was the phytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluation on Triticum aestivum. Wheat seeds were exposed to solutions of the tested compounds (100 µg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. The development of roots and seedlings, germination percentage, mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations, and total polyphenol content were analyzed. The substances caused in most experimental cases a slight inhibition in the growth of the tested plantlets in comparison to the control, with the exception of 2,3-dibromo-3-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-propanoic acid (48 h of exposure). All compounds inhibited the germination process and mitotic activity. No aberrant metaphases were generated, but abnormal anatelophases appeared, and 4 types of chromosomal aberrations were identified: chromosome bridges, chromosome fragments, micronuclei, and multipolar .