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Genetic comparison between natural and planted populations of Pinus brutia and Cupressus sempervirens in Syria

There is wide consensus that ongoing deforestation contributes to global warming and poses a threat to species diversity. Less understood is whether the practice of creating plantations might also erode genetic diversity and undermine the genetic structure of tree populations. | Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Turk J Agric For (2014) 38: 267-280 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/tar-1211-24 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/ Research Article Genetic comparison between natural and planted populations of Pinus brutia and Cupressus sempervirens in Syria 1, 2 1 Batoul N. AL-HAWIJA *, Viktoria WAGNER , Isabell HENSEN Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany 2 Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 1 Received: 08.11.2012 Accepted: 13.07.2013 Published Online: 27.01.2014 Printed: 24.02.2014 Abstract: There is wide consensus that ongoing deforestation contributes to global warming and poses a threat to species diversity. Less understood is whether the practice of creating plantations might also erode genetic diversity and undermine the genetic structure of tree populations. We tested these hypotheses in natural and planted populations of Pinus brutia Ten. subsp. brutia and Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis (Mill.), 2 important forestry species in the Mediterranean region. We used plant material from 3 different bioclimatic regions in Syria. Using RAPD markers, we evaluated the genetic diversity and structure of 12 populations of P. brutia (6 natural, 6 planted) and 9 populations of C. sempervirens (3 natural, 6 planted). Expected heterozygosity (He) and percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) were high in both species (P. brutia: He = 0.241, PPL = 81.2%; C. sempervirens: He = 0.241, PPL = 78.8%). In accordance with our assumptions, plantations of P. brutia manifested significant reduction in mean genetic diversity; this result, however, was not revealed in C. sempervirens. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated that the genetic structure of plantations differed from that of natural populations. Interestingly, plantations of both species harbored more genetic differentiation among them .