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Variation in needle and cone characteristics and seed germination ability of Abies bornmuelleriana and Abies equi-trojani populations from Turkey

Turkish fir (Abies bornmuelleriana Mattf.) and Trojan fir (Abies equi-trojani (Aschers. et Sint. ex Boiss) are economically and ecologically important endemic species to Turkey. | Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Turk J Agric For (2016) 40: 169-176 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/tar-1502-101 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/ Research Article Variation in needle and cone characteristics and seed germination ability of Abies bornmuelleriana and Abies equi-trojani populations from Turkey 1,* 1 1 2 3 Yusuf KURT , John FRAMPTON , Fikret ISIK , Chal LANDGREN , Gary CHASTAGNER Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 2 North Willamette Research and Extension Center, Oregon State University Extension Service, Aurora, OR, USA 3 Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA 1 Received: 19.02.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 06.08.2015 Final Version: 05.02.2016 Abstract: Turkish fir (Abies bornmuelleriana Mattf.) and Trojan fir (Abies equi-trojani (Aschers. et Sint. ex Boiss) Mattf.) are economically and ecologically important endemic species to Turkey. These species are also becoming increasingly popular in Europe and North America due to their suitable characteristics for use as Christmas trees coupled with their pest resistance. Provenance features, as well as needle and cone characteristics and seed germination ability, of three Turkish fir and two Trojan fir populations were studied. Provenance features (vigor score, crown score, and color) and mother tree characteristics (height class, diameter at breast height, and height) were very similar between species and among populations within species. Needles of Turkish fir were significantly (P 90%) grows in mixed stands with black pine (Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold subsp. pallasiana Holmboe) and oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) depending on the altitudinal zones (Simsar, 2007; Ozel and Simsar, 2009). The Turkish fir’s natural range is nearly 200,000 ha. It grows from sea level to 2000 m above sea level. It grows in mixed and pure stands depending on region and altitudinal .