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Bài giảng Computer Organization and Architecture: Chapter 7

Input/Output thuộc Chapter 7 của "Bài giảng Computer Organization and Architecture" sẽ tập trung giới thiệu tới các bạn về Input/Output Problems; Input/Output Module; Generic Model of I/O Module;. Cùng tìm hiểu để nắm bắt nội dung thông tin tài liệu. | William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition Chapter 7 Input/Output Input/Output Problems Wide variety of peripherals Delivering different amounts of data At different speeds In different formats All slower than CPU and RAM Need I/O modules Input/Output Module Interface to CPU and Memory Interface to one or more peripherals Generic Model of I/O Module External Devices Human readable Screen, printer, keyboard Machine readable Monitoring and control Communication Modem Network Interface Card (NIC) External Device Block Diagram Typical I/O Data Rates I/O Module Function Control & Timing CPU Communication Device Communication Data Buffering Error Detection I/O Steps CPU checks I/O module device status I/O module returns status If ready, CPU requests data transfer I/O module gets data from device I/O module transfers data to CPU Variations for output, DMA, etc. I/O Module Diagram I/O Module Decisions Hide or reveal device properties to | William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition Chapter 7 Input/Output Input/Output Problems Wide variety of peripherals Delivering different amounts of data At different speeds In different formats All slower than CPU and RAM Need I/O modules Input/Output Module Interface to CPU and Memory Interface to one or more peripherals Generic Model of I/O Module External Devices Human readable Screen, printer, keyboard Machine readable Monitoring and control Communication Modem Network Interface Card (NIC) External Device Block Diagram Typical I/O Data Rates I/O Module Function Control & Timing CPU Communication Device Communication Data Buffering Error Detection I/O Steps CPU checks I/O module device status I/O module returns status If ready, CPU requests data transfer I/O module gets data from device I/O module transfers data to CPU Variations for output, DMA, etc. I/O Module Diagram I/O Module Decisions Hide or reveal device properties to CPU Support multiple or single device Control device functions or leave for CPU Also O/S decisions e.g. Unix treats everything it can as a file Input Output Techniques Programmed Interrupt driven Direct Memory Access (DMA) Programmed I/O CPU has direct control over I/O Sensing status Read/write commands Transferring data CPU waits for I/O module to complete operation Wastes CPU time Programmed I/O - detail CPU requests I/O operation I/O module performs operation I/O module sets status bits CPU checks status bits periodically I/O module does not inform CPU directly I/O module does not interrupt CPU CPU may wait or come back later I/O Commands CPU issues address Identifies module (& device if >1 per module) CPU issues command Control - telling module what to do e.g. spin up disk Test - check status e.g. power? Error? Read/Write Module transfers data via buffer from/to device Addressing I/O Devices Under programmed I/O data transfer is very like memory access (CPU .