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The Illustrated Network- P15

The Illustrated Network- P15:In this chapter, you will learn about the protocol stack used on the global public Internet and how these protocols have been evolving in today’s world. We’ll review some key basic defi nitions and see the network used to illustrate all of the examples in this book, as well as the packet content, the role that hosts and routers play on the network, and how graphic user and command line interfaces (GUI and CLI, respectively) both are used to interact with devices. | CHAPTER IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing 4 What You Will Learn In this chapter you will learn about the addressing used in IPv4 and IPv6. We ll assign addresses of both types to various interfaces on the hosts and routers of the Illustrated Network. We ll mention older classful IPv4 addressing and the current classless system. We will start to explore the differences between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing and why both exist. You will learn about the important concept of subnetting and supernetting and other aspects of IP addressing. We ll detail the IP subnet mask as well. In many ways IPv4 and IPv6 are distinct protocols with important differences. Nevertheless both IPv4 and IPv6 are valid IP layer addresses some networks use both IPv4 and IPv6 and the packet data content is the same in both. Network engineers often deal with both every day and we will too. In the future the importance of IPv6 will only grow. IPv4 addressing was fairly straightforward to understand before the Internet exploded all over the world. Then the original classful rules for assigning networks IPv4 addresses didn t work as well and routers were getting overwhelmed by the size and resources needed to maintain routing and forwarding tables. This chapter investigates both IPv4 and IPv6 addressing and the host and router interfaces on the Illustrated Network have both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses see Figure 4.1 . We ll assign these addresses manually in this chapter. We ll start the discussion by describing the classless Internet routing CIDR rules created so that we did not run out of IPv4 addresses in 1994 shortly after the Web exploded onto the scene. Then we ll describe the older classful system and finally we ll talk about IPv6 addressing. This chapter also explores important aspects of IP addressing subnetting and supernetting. 110 PART II Core Protocols bsdclient lnxserver wincli1 winsvr1 em0 10.10.11.177 MAC 00 0e 0C 3b 8f 94 Intel_3b 8f 94 IPv6 fe80 20e cff fe3b 8f94 eth0 10.10.11.66 MAC 00 d0 b7 1f fe