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65 Electromagnetic Vector-Sensor Array Processing

This article (see also [1, 2]) considers new methods for multiple electromagnetic source localization using sensors whose output is a vector corresponding to the complete electric andmagneticfields at the sensor. | Nehorai A. Paldi E. Electromagnetic Vector-Sensor Array Processing Digital Signal Processing Handbook Ed. Vijay K. Madisetti and Douglas B. Williams Boca Raton CRC Press LLC 1999 1999 by CRC Press LLC 65 Electromagnetic Vector-Sensor Array Processing1 Arye Nehorai The University of Illinois at Chicago Eytan Paldi Haifa Israel 65.1 Introduction 65.2 The Measurement Model Single-Source Single-Vector Sensor Model Multi-Source Multi-Vector Sensor Model 65.3 Cramer-Rao Bound for a Vector Sensor Array Statistical Model The Cramer-Rao Bound 65.4 MSAE CVAE and Single-Source Single-Vector Sensor Analysis The MSAE DST Source Analysis SST Source DST Model Analysis SST Source SST Model Analysis CVAE and SST Source Analysis in the Wave Frame A Cross-Product-Based DOA Estimator 65.5 Multi-Source Multi-Vector Sensor Analysis Results for Multiple Sources Single-Vector Sensor 65.6 Concluding Remarks Acknowledgment References Appendix A Definitions of Some Block Matrix Operators Dedicated to the memory of our physics teacher Isaac Paldi 65.1 Introduction This article see also 1 2 considers new methods for multiple electromagnetic source localization using sensors whose output is a vector corresponding to the complete electric and magnetic fields at the sensor. These sensors which will be called vector sensors can consist for example of two orthogonal triads of scalar sensors that measure the electric and magnetic field components. Our approach is in contrast to other articles in this chapter that employ sensor arrays in which the output of each sensor is a scalar corresponding for example to a scalar function of the electric field. The main advantage of the vector sensors is that they make use of all available electromagnetic information and hence should outperform the scalar sensor arrays in accuracy of direction of arrival DOA estimation. Vector sensors should also allow the use of smaller array apertures while improving performance. 1 This work was supported by the U.S. Air Force