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Between radicalisation and democratisation in an unfolding conflict: Media in Pakistan

Although international forces and the Afghan National Army continue to score tactical victories over the Taliban, the security situation has deteriorated in some areas in the south, and Taliban forces have expanded their operations into previously peaceful areas of the west and around Kabul. The Taliban-dominated insurgency has expanded in scope despite operational disruption caused by International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and Operation Enduring Freedom operations. The death or capture of three top Taliban leaders last year—their first high level losses—does not yet appear to have significantly disrupted insurgent operations | Between radicalisation and democratisation in an unfolding conflict V edia in Pakistan REPORT International Media Support July 2009 Contents Contents Map.5 Executive summary.6 1 Introduction.8 2 Background on Pakistan.10 2.1 Pakistan socio-political background.10 2.2 Military rule and democracy.10 2.3 Regional dynamics Pakistan Afghanistan and the War on Terror.11 2.4 Social and ethnical texture of Pakistan.12 2.5 Religion.13 3 Description of the media landscape.14 3.1 Dominant features.14 3.2 Media in Pakistan - historical background.15 3.3 Legal framework.17 3.4 Media in Pakistan .20 3.5 Educational and training institutions.23 3.6 Journalists and media workers in Pakistan.23 4 Major challenges for media related to the ongoing conflict.25 4.1 Safety challenges for Pakistani media.25 4.2 Media distortion.30 4.3 Information vacuum.32 4.4 Quality of journalism.33 4.5 Pakistan and Afghanistan cross-border relations and news.37 5 Recommendations.39 5.1 Safety and security for journalists and media workers.39 5.2 Pakistani-Afghan media relations.43 5.3 Information vacuum and media distortion in conflict regions.45 5.4 Quality of journalism.47 6 Annexes.50 6.1 List of interviewees.50 6.2 Literature.52 Media in Pakistan